Identification of Diversity of Medicinal Plants in Bukit Mayana Forest Area, Kuningan Regency

: Bukit Mayana Forest Area is a forest area in Kuningan Regency with an area of ±43 ha with a diversity of medicinal plant species that have not been fully identified. The purpose of this study was to identify the diversity of medicinal plants in the Bukit Mayana Forest Area, Kuningan Regency. The method used is a single-plot method that is placed by purposive sampling with a size of 100 x 80 meters which is divided into sub-plots with a total of 20 plots. The data obtained are then analyzed using the important value index (INP), species diversity index (H'), species richness index (R'). The results showed that medicinal plants were found in 34 types from 23 families. The highest important value index (INP) at the tree, pole, and stake levels is Ficus fistulosa with index values of 38.16%, 91.13%, and 64.68% and seedling levels are Coffea with an index value of 15.26%. The species diversity index (H') is medium with values of 1 < H' > 3 and the species wealth index is low with R' < 3.5.


INTRODUCTION
Medicinal plants are one of the natural resources that are the best source of chemical components to be used as a treatment of various diseases (Sharma et al, 2020). This plant has a close genetic relationship, chemical components and curative effects with other medicinal plants (Hao et al, 2020). The use of medicinal plants is widely carried out by the community traditionally and makes primary health services easily available (Segi et al, 2018).
Traditional medicine of natural origin has become popular because it has abundant chemical components with therapy (Macedo et al, 2018;Santo et al, 2020) and has pharmacological effects (Hao et al, 2020) such as analgesic (Uritu et al, 2018), anti-inflammatory (Oguntibeju, 2018), anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive (Chukwuma et al, 2019), anti-microbial and anticancer (Tan et al, 2018). Wicaksono (2020) said that the area that can be one of the sources of medicinal plant populations is forests. Many medicinal plants in Kuningan Regency have been identified, including in the Karangsari Research Station Area in Gunung Ciremai National Park which was identified as 31 species from 26 families (Ismail et al, 2021), Mount Pakuan Protected Forest Area 32 species from 27 families (Herlina et al, 2016), in the Gunung Tilu Area 21 species from 14 families (Hendrayana et al, 2023).
Bukit Mayana Forest Area is one of the forest areas in Kuningan Regency with an area of ±43 ha consisting of natural forests of about ±15 ha and production forests of around ±28 ha, this forest is an area that is not included in the conservation area and is located adjacent to settlements so that human activities in the area are quite high, this can interfere with the population and plant sustainability (Rahmadiana et al, 2018 (2020) is a medicinal plant that has anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, and diuretic activities. This indicates that the potential of medicinal plants in the Bukit Mayana Forest Area has not been identified as a whole and there is still a lack of research on medicinal plants carried out in the area, therefore it is necessary to identify the diversity of medicinal plants in various growth levels.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This research was conducted in the Bukit Mayana Forest Area, Kuningan Regency, vegetation data collection was carried out using a single square-shaped sample plot with a size of 100 m x 80 m and a sub-plot measuring 20 m x 20 m as many as 20 plots using the Purposive Sampling method (Figure 1). This sub-plot is divided into several sizes based on plant growth rates including: a) 20 x 20 m for tree level, b). 10 x 10 m for pole level, c). 5 x 5 m for stake level, and d). 2 x 2 m for seedling level and undergrowth. After vegetation data was obtained, type identification with morphological characteristics was carried out based on the plant morphology book by Gembong Tjitrosoepomo and the flora book by Dr. C.G.G.J van Steenis (Armanda, 2018).

Data Analysis
Data on medicinal plants that have been obtained are then analyzed using the following indices: The Important Value Index (INP) is an index that describes a type that has a role in the ecosystem (Ledo et al, 2019), this index is calculated using the following formula: Information: • Growth rate of seedlings and undergrowth INP = FR+ KR • Growth rate of trees, poles, and saplings INP = FR + KR + DR

Shannon-Wiener Species Diversity Index (H')
The Species Diversity Index is used to measure the stability of an ecosystem, seen from the high and low Index values obtained. Index (Retang et al, 2023) Species Diversity is calculated using the following formula: Species Richness Indeks used to determine the level of type richness in each individual found (Komul et al, 2021). This index is calculated using the following formula: = Margalef Species Richness Indeks S = Number of Types N = Total Individuals Ln = Logaritma Natural

The composition of medicinal plants
The Asteraceae is one of the most common families found in the Mayana Hill Forest Area compared to others. This is because the Asteraceae family is a group of plants that can live in almost all habitat types (Fauziana et al, 2019;Rahmawati et al, 2021). This result is the same as the research of Nafeesa et al (2021) that the Asteraceae family is most commonly found in the hills of Bhimber Pakistan compared to other families with 11 species. In Oman the family Asteraceae is found the second most with 14 species (Patzelt et al, 2022). Plants belonging to the Asteraceae family have many benefits for the world of health because they have pharmacological effects such as antioxidants, anti-hyperlipidemia, vasoreklasan, antithrombotic, dieuretic. In addition, this plant has contributed to cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks, strokes, coronary heart disease, hypertension (Michel et al, 2020) and lowers uric acid levels (Amal et al, 2021).
Fabaceae is one of the plant groups with the number of types found in this study, which is as many as 3 types. The Fabaceae family around the world has around 18,000 species that have been identified with leguminous fruit characteristics and also inhabited by trees, shrubs, and shrubs (Sukaeningsih et al, 2021) Rubiaceae is the third family with the most types in this study with 3 species found. This family grows and develops widely almost all over the world in addition to polar regions and deserts (Haris et al, 2019). Plants that fall into the family can grow at an altitude of 10-600 meters in varying conditions consisting of habitus trees, shrubs, understory plants and herbs (Naemah et al, 2020). Plants that belong to the Rubiaceae family found in Africa are the second most after the Fabaceae family with 318 species found (Van Wyk, 2020). Then based on Rao's research (2018) Rubiaceae is the most family identified in the p- ISSN 1907-3089, e-ISSN 2615-5869 Vol 15, No. 2, 2023 Andhra University Area of India with 14 species, and in the City Forest Area of the University of Malaysia with 7 species (Majuakim et al, 2018). With a wide distribution, the Rubiaceae family is useful as a medicine because it has pharmacological effects including antioxidants (Suksungworn et al, 2021), antifungal (dos Santos et al, 2021), anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antidiabetic (Das et al, 2020.

Important Value Index (IVI)
Based on the results of the analysis of the important value index (IVI) for all growth rates i.e., tree levelseedling rates vary greatly ( Figure   2). The highest important value index (IVI) for tree, pole, and sapling levels is the type of Ficus fistulosa from the family Moraceae with growth rate index values of 38.16%, 91.13%, and 64.68% respectively. Then for the seedling level the index with the highest value is the type of Coffea from the Rubiaceae family with an index value of 15.26%. This result is different from the research of Alfiyasin et al (2018) that the highest important value index at the pole level is the type of Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum (81.15%) and the tree level is the type of Lasianthus constrictus (37.10%).

Species Diversity Index (H')
Based on the results of the analysis, the species diversity index (H') for different growth rates is almost the same. For tree growth rate, the species diversity index is 2.621, pole growth rate is 1.838, sapling growth rate is 1.744, and seedling growth rate is 2.906. This shows that species diversity for various growth levels in the Bukit Mayana Forest Area is classified as medium with a value of 1 < H' > 3.

Species Richness Indeks (R')
Based on the results of the analysis, the species richness index (R') for various growth rates is classified as the same. The tree growth rate is 3.27, the pole growth rate is 1.70, the sapling growth rate is 1.23, and the seedling growth rate is 2.97. Therefore, species richness for various growth rates in the Bukit Mayana Forest Area is low with an R' value of < 3.5. The species diversity index (H') and species richness index (R') are presented in figure 3.

CONCLUSION
The Bukit Mayana Forest Area has the potential for medicinal plants with high species diversity consisting of 34 species and classified into 23 families dominated by the families Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Rubiaceae, so that in the future there will need to be regulations governing the management of medicinal plants in the Bukit Mayana Forest Area.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Thank you to the Forestry Study Program, Faculty of Forestry, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education for publishing this article.